Dynamic Cyclone Risk in Sri Lanka: Insights from Cyclone Ditwah (2025)

Abstract

This study investigates the evolving dynamics of cyclone risk in Sri Lanka, with particular emphasis on the impacts of Cyclone Ditwah (2025). Drawing on secondary data sources, published reports, and existing scholarly literature, the research examines the physical drivers, spatial distribution, and socio-economic consequences associated with the event. The analysis reveals a notable shift in cyclone-related hazards in Sri Lanka, where impacts are increasingly driven by extreme rainfall, widespread flooding, and landslides, rather than by wind damage alone. This transition highlights the growing influence of hydro meteorological factors in shaping disaster outcomes. The study further assesses the level of societal preparedness by evaluating early warning mechanisms, evacuation procedures, and institutional response capacities. While Sri Lanka demonstrates considerable progress in disaster management, particularly in forecasting and emergency coordination, several gaps remain in terms of local-level responsiveness, infrastructure resilience, and community awareness. These limitations contribute to uneven vulnerability across regions and populations. The findings suggest that broader climatic variability, including changing ocean–atmospheric conditions, is contributing to the intensification and unpredictability of cyclone-related risks. In this context, the study underscores the importance of adopting integrated and adaptive disaster risk management approaches that go beyond traditional frameworks. Strengthening multi-hazard preparedness, enhancing community-based resilience, and incorporating climate informed planning are identified as key priorities for reducing future risks. Overall, the paper contributes to a deeper understanding of how cyclone risk is transforming in Sri Lanka under changing environmental and socio-economic conditions.