Abstract:
Welfare programs in the Sri Lankan estate sector aim to address critical community
issues and enhance workers’ well-being and productivity. Despite these efforts,
workers’ living conditions often remain inadequate, adversely affecting both workers
and planters. This study examined the extent to which welfare programs have been
implemented over the past five years and evaluated their effectiveness in achieving
intended objectives. The research was conducted across six estates in the Kegalle
district, managed by three plantation companies, covering a total land area of
approximately 22,912 hectares. The target population comprised estate planters and
workers. A proportionate random sampling method was used to select estates. Data
were collected through focus group discussions, key informant interviews with
structured questionnaires, and direct observations. The questionnaire focused on
implemented welfare programs and currently available welfare facilities. Data were
analyzed using narrative analysis. Results indicated that each estate implemented at
least one welfare program annually, addressing six main objectives: health
improvement (23.5%), nutritional support (23.5%), educational support (20.6%),
infrastructure development (11.8%), skill development (11.8%), financial support
(5.9%), and community security (3%). These initiatives align with several Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs), with the highest alignment observed for SDG 2 (Zero
Hunger) at 48.5%, followed by SDG 1 (No Poverty) at 30.3%. Other relevant SDGs
included SDGs 3, 4, 8, 9, and 11. While planters expressed satisfaction with the
current welfare facilities provided to estate workers, the workers reported
dissatisfaction, except in areas such as healthcare, childcare and daycare services, and
community development initiatives. The primary reasons for their dissatisfaction
included poor-quality housing, inadequate living conditions, and insufficient
financial support. This study recommends addressing the identified gaps between
planters' and workers' perceptions by prioritizing improvements in lacking welfare
categories while ensuring alignment with Sustainable Development Goals to
maximize community impact.
